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My three daughters often go on trips to friends or family houses without me or my wife present. Inevitably they come back and we hear how amazing and respectful they are. Now, I believe this is true. I also wonder where that behavior is at our house. My kids often debate with us, have big feelings, and fight with each other… a lot. I used to think that this was a sign that they didn’t respect us as parents, or that I was doing something wrong. What if it has nothing to do with lack of respect and everything to do with an abundance of emotional safety. My children know they can be everything they are and everything they are not with us. So, they do. We get to experience all of the bits of life with our children because we have created a safe space for them to exist.
Afterschool programs are where children gather after a long day of structured learning, social jostling and energy expulsion. Young people’s behavior can vary from exhausted to exhausting, with all manner of possibilities in between. This unpredictable nature creates a consistent desire for behavior management strategies from OST professionals. However, what if we shift perspectives to the thought that these very issues could illuminate something quite positive: a safe environment where belonging and positive adult relationships are present.
Afterschool programs are communities where children can unwind, socialize, and explore their interests in a more relaxed setting. The presence of behavior issues, whether they involve conflicts, big emotions, or even quieter displays of discomfort, often indicate that children feel a level of emotional safety. Young people often live in a world of adult power, where it is safer for them to suppress their feelings. When we release the need for behavior management strategies and instead focus on practices that allow for youth voice, encourage conversation, and move away from adult power, we provide a safe space for emotional expression. When a child feels safe enough to display authentic emotions, it demonstrates that they trust the environment and the adults present enough to show their true emotions.
Authenticity is a trait often undervalued in traditional educational settings. Conformity, standards and pressure can start to chip away at a young person’s individuality. Afterschool programs that view challenging behaviors as a part of the growth process encourage children to be true to themselves. Authenticity boosts self-esteem and nurtures a sense of belonging in your programs.
When we release the need for behavior management strategies, we can instead present valuable opportunities for learning and growth. The presence of conflicts and emotional outbursts gives children a chance to develop critical skills in emotional regulation, conflict resolution, and empathy. These skills are not only pivotal for their social development but also for their future success in navigating relationships and challenges in adulthood.
The way adults respond to behavior issues is important for relationship-building as well. These responses create the community within the afterschool program. When educators and program leaders approach these moments with empathy, patience, and a focus on understanding rather than anger, they foster a supportive community where children learn that their emotions are valid and their concerns are heard.
While the desire for behavior management strategies may never go away, how we approach the actual behavior can change. While it is understandable that challenging behaviors can feel “bad” or “wrong,” what if the presence of these behaviors is actually a sign of a healthy and nurturing environment? What if it meant children feel safe to exhibit authentic emotions and feelings? What if it showed they are not only learning essential life skills but also benefiting from the supportive community that surrounds them?
As educators and caregivers, we have a choice. We can approach these situations with dread and a feeling of disrespect. Or, we can embrace these moments as opportunities for growth and a sign that children can flourish emotionally, socially, and academically in your program. What if we did not see youth behaviors as problems to be solved and controlled? What if instead we viewed these same behaviors as signs of a program's success in creating an environment where children feel safe to show their true emotions. By using empathy and understanding as our go-to behavior management strategies, we can ensure that afterschool programs continue to serve as invaluable spaces where children thrive.
In the energetic environment of afterschool programs, staff play a crucial role in shaping the experiences and development of the children they serve. A lot of emphasis has been placed on fostering Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) in children. But, who is going to model the behavior for them? The adults! This makes it equally important for the adults in these settings to develop their own SEL skills. Being intentional about Adult SEL training programs can lead to better outcomes for both staff and young people. Let’s explore why SEL is vital for adults working in afterschool programs, and how it can enhance their professional and personal lives.
SEL is the process through which individuals acquire and apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions. Originally developed for educational settings to support children's development, SEL has proven to be equally beneficial for adults. The Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) is a leading organization that promotes SEL initiatives, highlighting its importance across all age groups, including school staff. For more detailed information, you can refer to CASEL’s comprehensive overview of research on SEL (CASEL).
SEL helps adults manage stress, anxiety, and other emotions, enhancing their overall emotional well-being. Afterschool staff often face unpredictable situations like being understaffed, strong youth emotions, changes to schedules and so many more. Having strong SEL skills enables staff to navigate these challenges more effectively.
Positive relationships are everything in an afterschool program. Just one positive relationship can determine whether a child thrives or struggles in the afterschool environment. SEL helps adults understand how to build relationships with young people, caregivers and their co-workers. They learn to better communicate and manage inevitable conflict.
SEL contributes to professional success by improving leadership skills, teamwork, and workplace dynamics. For afterschool staff, these skills are crucial in creating a positive and collaborative work environment, which directly impacts the quality of their programs.
At The Flourish Lab we have had the opportunity to visit countless afterschool programs. The programs where we observe the most engaged young people are the programs where the staff is engaged and staff dynamics are positive.
SEL promotes personal growth and self-improvement through increased self-awareness and better decision-making. Staff who engage in SEL practices are more likely to reflect on their experiences, learn from them, and continuously improve both personally and professionally. SEL training leads to learning that can be used in all areas of life, not just the workplace.
Engaging in SEL practices can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burnout. For afterschool staff, this means being better equipped to handle the demands and often chaotic nature of their job working with young people while maintaining their own mental health and wellness. Mitigating burnout is vital in an industry where turnover is already a common challenge.
There is a strong connection between emotional well-being and physical health. Reduced stress levels and improved emotional regulation can lead to better overall health. And when we feel better, we are more likely to show up as our best…. Or imply to show up at all!
SEL helps adults achieve a better work-life balance by managing time and stress effectively. This balance is crucial for afterschool staff, who need to juggle both the time and emotional demands of their job with everything in their personal lives. The often chaotic and stressful environment of an afterschool program can tend to take a toll on personal lives when those lines get crossed. We often ask participants in our workshops to raise their hand if they have ever taken their workplace stress out on the people they love the most in their personal lives. Almost everyone raises their hand.
SEL skills build resilience, helping adults cope with challenges and setbacks. It is common to experience challenges in an afterschool program. It is emotional work that is often unpredictable; no two days are the same. Resilient staff are more likely to persevere through difficult situations and continue to provide high-quality care and support to their students.
Introduce mindfulness techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and mindful walking. These practices can help afterschool staff stay present and focused, reducing stress and enhancing their ability to support students. Many mindfulness strategies only take a few minutes but can make a big difference.
Encourage staff to recognize when they begin to feel stressed during their afterschool program. Encourage them to pause before that stress turns into reactionary behavior that will have a negative effect on those around them. Introduce strategies for managing emotions, such as engaging in a breathing exercise, talking with a trusted co-worker, and getting a breath of fresh air. These, and other techniques can help staff navigate the emotional demands of their job more effectively and maintain calm and well-being.
Suggest and engage in activities that foster empathy and improve social skills, such as active listening exercises, validation skills, and storytelling. These skills are essential for building strong relationships with colleagues and students.
Encourage ongoing learning and self-reflection through books, workshops, webinars, and self-assessment tools. This continuous development ensures that staff are always improving their SEL skills and applying them in their work.
One of the significant benefits of incorporating SEL into afterschool staff training is the potential reduction in the need for traditional behavior management strategies. Traditional behavior management techniques often focus on control and compliance, which can overlook the deeper needs and individual differences of students. By equipping staff with SEL skills, we can create an environment where students feel understood, valued, and supported. This proactive approach addresses the root causes of behavior, fostering a positive climate where behavior issues are less likely to arise.
Investing in Adult SEL training for afterschool staff is a win-win-win situation. It enhances the well-being and effectiveness of the adults, fosters a positive and collaborative team culture, and creates a nurturing environment for the youth they serve. By prioritizing SEL, afterschool programs can ensure that both staff and students thrive.
I remember when my youngest son was in 1st grade. We went to back-to-school night where the teacher showed us a chart like the one pictured above. I remember having a visceral dislike of that chart. I also remember hoping my child never ended up on the bottom. He was a “spirited” child so I could immediately imagine all the behaviors that would land him in trouble. The chart was anxiety-producing for me as the parent. I can’t imagine how it feels for young people.
I have spent years working with adults who work with youth both in day schools and in afterschool. Time and time again I am asked to provide behavior management training. I know that what people really want is a way to support young people in developing their capacity to manage their own behavior. Where we miss the mark, though, is creating external tools for behavior management rather than focusing on intrinsic understanding and development.
Traditionally, behavior management systems have been designed to control student behavior. However, these systems are outdated and often ineffective. Behavior management charts like the one pictured demonstrates an emphasis on rewards and punishments. Instead, a more human-centered approach focuses on understanding the root causes of behavior, fostering positive relationships, and emphasizing guidance over punishment. In this post, we will explore why traditional behavior management systems are flawed and advocate for a more empathetic and individualized approach.
Behavior management systems are structured approaches designed to promote positive behavior and address challenging behaviors in youth settings. These systems typically involve a set of rules, procedures, and practices aimed at maintaining order and discipline. However, the very foundation of these systems is built on control and compliance, which can overlook the deeper needs and individual differences of students.
The phrase "behavior management" inherently suggests a need to control or manipulate student behavior to fit a desired norm. The concept evolved from the theory of behaviorism 100 years ago. In essence, psychologists at the time believed that behavior could be conditioned through rewards and punishment. Psychologist John Watson said “Any person, regardless of their background, can be trained to act in a particular manner given the right conditioning.”
How does it make you feel when you read that?
This approach neglects the underlying reasons behind a child's actions. Behaviors often signal unmet needs, and managing behavior without understanding these needs is short-sighted.
Example:
Imagine a child who frequently disrupts your program by speaking out of turn. Traditional behavior management might involve giving the child a warning or a timeout. However, a more understanding approach might reveal that the child is acting out due to anxiety or a need for attention. By addressing the underlying cause—perhaps by giving the child more positive attention or addressing their anxiety—the behavior can change in a more meaningful and lasting way.
"Management" implies a hierarchical relationship where the adult is the manager, and the child is the subordinate. This creates a power imbalance where children lack voice and choice. Shifting the focus from management to partnership and collaboration fosters more positive, trusting, and respectful relationships between adults and young people.
Example:
Consider a situation where a child refuses to participate in a group activity. A behavior management approach might be to force the child to join or punish them for non-compliance. Instead, a collaborative approach involves sitting down with the child to understand their reluctance and finding a compromise or alternative that respects the child’s feelings and autonomy, perhaps by offering them a different role in the activity that feels more comfortable. In this example we prioritize youth agency over adult power.
Traditional behavior management strategies often rely on rewards and punishments. While these methods may yield short-term compliance, they do little to instill long-term values or intrinsic motivation.
Example:
If a child “behaves” during an activity, a traditional reward-based system might give them a sticker. If they don’t, they might lose outside time or be threatened with a call home. Instead, a guidance-based approach involves discussing the root causes of the behavior and the impact on others, thus fostering a sense of responsibility, self-awareness and internal motivation.
Every child is unique, and a one-size-fits-all approach common in behavior management systems doesn't account for individual differences. Factors such as temperament, developmental stage, culture and personal experiences significantly influence behavior. Advocating for an individualized approach means considering each child's specific context and needs.
Example:
Two children might exhibit the same disruptive behavior but for very different reasons. One child might be acting out due to a difficult home environment, while another might be bored because they are not interested in the activity presented. An individualized approach would address these distinct needs differently—perhaps through relationship-building for the first child and new and varied activities for the second. In this approach, each child feels seen and appreciated for who they are.
Given the limitations of traditional behavior management systems, it's essential to shift our focus to a more modern approach that emphasizes understanding, empathy, and individualization.
Instead of merely controlling behavior, adults should strive to understand the root causes of students' actions. This involves looking beyond the surface and considering factors such as mental health, home environment, and developmental needs. Effective behavior management systems should first prioritize understanding these underlying issues.
Moving away from a power-based dynamic to one of partnership and collaboration fosters trust and respect. When students feel valued and heard, they are more likely to exhibit positive behavior and engage in everything an afterschool environment offers.
Punishment may yield short-term compliance, but it doesn't teach long-term values or skills. By focusing on guidance and support, adults can help students develop self-regulation, empathy, and a sense of responsibility. This involves using positive reinforcement and constructive feedback to guide behavior.
Recognizing that each child is unique requires a tailored approach. This means being flexible and adaptable in strategies, considering each child's specific needs and circumstances. Individualized plans can address specific behavioral issues while supporting overall development.
Adults in afterschool programs need training to shift from traditional behavior management systems to this new approach. Many adults want a new approach, but don’t have the knowledge. Professional development should focus on creating positive environments and understanding and supporting youth behavior.
Involve students in the process of creating a positive environment to ensure they feel ownership and accountability.
Building strong partnerships with families, day schools and communities is essential. Regular communication and collaboration can help align home, school and afterschool approaches, providing a consistent support system for students. This alignment can reduce disruptions and negative behavior.
Traditional behavior management systems are outdated and often ineffective. By shifting our focus to understanding, empathy, guidance, and individualization, we can create educational environments where students feel safe, valued, and capable of growth. This approach not only addresses behavioral issues more effectively but also fosters the development of independent, thoughtful, and empathetic individuals. As adults, it is our responsibility to embrace this modern approach and ensure our young people thrive emotionally, socially and academically.
I began my journey in out-of-school time almost 28 years ago. I was a late summer hire and had NO CLUE what I was doing. I only knew that I wanted to help create good summer memories for kids.
I vividly remember my first week. I spent hours looking through activity books to create my lessons. I felt really good about all the things we were going to do together.
My second week I had the opportunity to lead my first activity. Each staff member gave an "infomercial" about their activity after which the young people would choose what they wanted to do. I eagerly promoted my paper bag puppets. As the young people began to disperse, I sat there alone. No one came to my table. It felt awful.
Finally, after all the other activities were full, about 10 kids came to do my activity. It was clear from the beginning that they did not want to be with me. They were distracted, had looks of disappointment on their faces, and they were focused more on what the other groups were doing than on making their puppets.
I barely survived the hour activity block. I spent more time trying to keep control over the group than engaging with them.
Once the activity was over, one of the girls stayed at my table and told me "I only came to your activity because the others were full." Though I appreciated her honesty in hindsight, my heart sank. Seeing that she was eager to be honest with me, I asked her, “What feedback do you have for me so that in the future more kids WANT to come to my activity instead of HAVING to come to my activity?”. Without hesitation, she asked me a couple questions that have stuck with me for the past 28 years:
“Do you know what kids actually like to do?”
“Did you ask any of us what our interests were?”
Even though I couldn’t put a name on it at the time, I began to see the value of inspired planning. Thoughtful planning by afterschool staff fosters positive youth behavior and naturally reduces our perceived need for behavior management strategies. Thoughtful planning also shows young people that we care.
Let’s break down how inspired planning works and why it can be more effective than a focus on traditional behavior management strategies.
Inspired planning involves designing afterschool programs with the goal of engaging young people in meaningful and enjoyable activities. The goal is to create an environment where kids feel motivated.
They feel valued and excited to participate. Here’s what inspired planning typically includes:
Inspired planning in afterschool programs is about creating an environment where young people naturally thrive. In these environments positive behavior comes from engagement and opportunity. By focusing on their interests and motivations, children are more likely to be at their best. When we don’t plan effectively, young people are not engaged and naturally exhibit more challenging behaviors. Then the adults in the program start asking for more behavior management strategies.
What if we don’t actually need more behavior management strategies? What if we instead focused on bringing inspired planning to our programs? When kids are engaged, they have positive feelings, and positive feelings lead to positive behaviors.
Adults are not designing an afterschool program for kids. They are designing with them.
I was raised by an authoritarian father. He was loud. He was erratic. And he was often angry. I was afraid of him. I remember sitting at the dinner table every night just trying to avoid his wrath. If his anger was aimed at my mom, my brother, or my sister, I would breathe a sigh of relief and retreat to my room. Much of my energy went to trying not to get in trouble. I was motivated by the fear of my dad. So I got good grades. I joined extracurricular activities at school that would keep me there into the evening. And I got really good at lying. I spent yearsworking to undo the impacts of how I grew up. I didn’t learn to be self-motivated until many years later.
We all have unique stores about our childhood and upbringing. Regardless of the specifics, in our work at The Flourish Lab we have found that most adults who work in afterschool programs were raised in schools and family environments that emphasized adult power and punitive consequences as a means for managing their behavior or “keeping them in line”. Understandably, when many of these adults begin working with youth, they model what they were taught as children.
What we know now, though, is that these “old school” behavior management strategies can have long-term negative effects on youth. On the other hand, modern strategies that focus on social and emotional development offer a more positive and impactful approach. It is important, then, to train the adults who work in afterschool programs to unlearn those outdated methods and learn a new approach.
Here’s a closer look at the consequences of outdated methods and the benefits of embracing new practices.
Outdated behavior management techniques often include approaches such as punitive discipline, authoritarian methods, and a focus on control rather than support. While these methods may seem effective in the short term (you will often see an immediate shift in behavior), they can have significant long-term negative effects on youth.
In contrast, contemporary behavior management strategies that focus on social and emotional development offer a more holistic approach to supporting youth. These methods emphasize building positive relationships, teaching emotional regulation, and fostering a supportive environment.
Research: According to the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), programs that incorporate social and emotional learning (SEL) significantly improve students’ emotional regulation, social skills, and academic performance (CASEL).
A study published in the Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties (September, 2023) highlights that young people themselves find punitive practices to be ineffective and instead share what promotes prosocial behavior: “adults who listen, understand and collaborate with them”.
The long-term negative effects of outdated behavior management techniques can be profound, impacting children’s emotional well-being, academic success, and social relationships. By adopting modern strategies focused on social and emotional development, afterschool programs can create a more supportive and effective environment. These methods not only address immediate behavioral concerns but also contribute to the holistic development of youth, setting them up for long-term success.
Embracing these approaches can lead to a more positive and enriching experience for both children and staff, ensuring that afterschool programs fulfill their vital role in youth.
Human beings escalate. We escalate because we are emotional beings. As adults in afterschool programs this may look like frustration, use of a negative tone and reactionary outbursts and actions. For young people escalation can look like anger, crying, running away, shutting down, aggression, hiding, and screaming.
At The Flourish Lab, we believe that the most important strategy for de-escalation is prevention. We can prevent ourselves and young people from escalating by creating positive environments characterized by the presence of positive relationships and belonging, creating a space filled with positive and supportive adults, and planning engaging and enriching activities. No matter how positive the environment, though, young people will still escalate sometimes. Setting up positive environments up front lays the groundwork for effective de-escalation by creating an environment of trust and safety. Providing teams with de-escalation training equips staff members with the tools and techniques necessary to handle “crisis” situations calmly and effectively.
De-escalation training focuses on two key things: First, de-escalation training helps staff understand why young people escalate and what happens in the body and mind during escalation. This understanding alone can help staff have more compassion when a young person is having an “emotional crisis.” Second, de-escalation training provides staff members with the skills needed to manage and defuse potentially volatile situations. This type of training includes understanding and utilizing de-escalation techniques both as the adults and as adults supporting young people. Having a toolbox of de-escalation strategies is crucial for maintaining a safe and supportive environment for young people and staff.
Enhancing Mental Health and Safety
In addition to the day-to-day challenges that young people face, afterschool staff may also encounter students dealing with various behavioral health issues, including mental illness and trauma. De-escalation training helps staff understand how to respond to these students in a way that promotes mental health and safety. By using evidence-based de-escalation tactics, staff can reduce the risk of escalation and create a more supportive environment.
Improving Conflict Resolution Skills
Conflict resolution is a vital component of de-escalation training. Staff members learn how to identify the early signs of conflict and intervene before situations escalate. This involves understanding nonverbal communication and body language, which can provide critical cues about a student's emotional state.
Verbal De-Escalation Techniques
Verbal de-escalation involves using calm and reassuring language to defuse tense situations. Training programs teach staff how to speak in a non-threatening manner, validate the feelings of the individual in crisis, and provide clear and concise instructions to help guide them through the situation.
Nonverbal Communication
Understanding nonverbal cues is essential in de-escalation. Training emphasizes the importance of maintaining an open and non-threatening posture, respecting personal space, and using appropriate body language to convey empathy and understanding.
Crisis Intervention Strategies
Crisis intervention involves a set of techniques designed to address and resolve a crisis situation. This includes recognizing the signs of a crisis, using de-escalation tactics to manage the situation, and implementing crisis intervention plans that prioritize safety and well-being.
In-Person and Online Training Courses
De-escalation training can be delivered through in-person training sessions or online courses. Both formats offer comprehensive training programs that cover the fundamentals of de-escalation, including conflict management, verbal de-escalation, and crisis intervention.
The Flourish Lab, for example, offers a series of online workshops that focus on creating positive youth environments that serve to prevent escalation in the first place. In addition, The Flourish Lab offers workshops on key aspects of de-escalation for those moments that inevitably occur. These workshops provide practical, evidence-based techniques that staff can use in their daily interactions with students.
Customizable Training Programs
Providing customizable de-escalation training programs allows afterschool staff to address the specific needs of the community. This may include specialized training for working with young people with behavioral health issues or those who have experienced trauma.
Continuous Learning and Support
Ongoing professional development is crucial for the successful implementation of de-escalation training. School and organization leaders should prioritize continuous learning opportunities, such as workshops, webinars, and collaborative training sessions, to ensure that staff members stay updated on the latest de-escalation strategies and best practices.
Many afterschool programs have successfully implemented de-escalation training and reported significant improvements in staff and student safety. For instance, staff members who have undergone training with organizations like Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) have demonstrated enhanced conflict resolution skills and a greater ability to manage crisis situations effectively.
De-escalation training is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of afterschool programs. By equipping staff with the skills and knowledge to manage and defuse crisis situations, we can improve student outcomes and promote overall well-being. Investing in de-escalation training not only benefits staff members but also creates a safer and more supportive environment for all students.
Implementing comprehensive and ongoing de-escalation training programs is crucial for the development of a positive and safe afterschool environment. By focusing on evidence-based strategies and continuous professional learning, afterschool programs can ensure that their staff are well-prepared to handle any situation effectively.
In the dynamic environment of afterschool programs, fostering a supportive and nurturing learning environment is crucial for both students and staff members. Social-emotional learning (SEL) plays a pivotal role in achieving this goal. Professional development in SEL equips afterschool staff with the skills and knowledge needed to create positive, inclusive, and emotionally supportive environments. This blog post explores the importance of social-emotional learning professional development for afterschool staff and how it can transform the educational experience for all involved.
Building Competencies
SEL professional development focuses on building key competencies such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. These competencies are essential for creating a positive school climate and fostering student well-being. According to the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), these competencies are foundational for both students and adults in educational settings.
Addressing Mental Health and Well-Being
Afterschool staff often face challenges related to student behavior, trauma, and stress, and deal with these challenges with far less support than teachers have during school hours. Professional development in SEL provides staff with trauma-informed strategies to support students’ mental health and well-being. By integrating SEL practices, staff can better understand and address the emotional needs of their students, creating a more supportive learning environment.
Enhancing Emotional Skills and Resilience
SEL professional development helps staff members enhance their emotional skills and resilience. By learning evidence-based SEL practices, staff can better manage their own stress and prevent burnout. This is crucial for maintaining a healthy work-life balance and promoting overall wellness, and reducing staff turnover.
Fostering a Positive Climate
Professional development opportunities in SEL contribute to fostering a positive climate. When staff members are equipped with SEL skills, they can create a more inclusive and supportive school community. This positively impacts the learning experiences of students and improves the overall climate.
Improving Student Outcomes
Research-based SEL programs have shown to improve student outcomes, including academic performance, behavior, and social skills. When afterschool staff integrate SEL into their programs, they can better support the whole child, addressing both academic and emotional needs. This holistic approach leads to more equitable and effective educational experiences.
On-Site and Online Courses
Professional development can be delivered through various formats, including on-site workshops and online courses. These options provide flexibility for staff members to engage in SEL training at their convenience. Online courses can be particularly effective, offering accessible and comprehensive resources for learning about SEL.
The Flourish Lab, for instance, offers an experiential, online learning series designed to positively shift how adults show up for young people. Their programming includes Ignite, Explore, and Deepen workshops, which focus on building positive relationships, presence, and planning. These workshops are supported by practical toolkits, making it easier for staff to implement SEL practices effectively.
Customizable Toolkits
Providing customizable SEL toolkits can help staff members implement SEL practices effectively. These toolkits can include activities, lesson plans, and resources tailored to the unique needs of their school district or program. By having practical tools at their disposal, staff can more easily integrate SEL into their daily routines.
Continuous Learning and Support
Continuous professional learning and support are vital for the successful implementation of SEL. School leaders should prioritize ongoing professional development opportunities, including workshops, webinars, and collaborative learning experiences. This ensures that staff members stay updated on the latest SEL research and best practices.
Real-Life Examples
Many afterschool programs have successfully integrated SEL through professional development initiatives. For example, programs that have partnered with organizations like CASEL have reported significant improvements in staff and student well-being. By sharing these success stories, we can inspire other programs to invest in SEL professional development.
Social-emotional learning professional development is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of afterschool programs. By equipping staff with the skills and knowledge to foster a supportive and nurturing learning environment, we can improve student outcomes and promote overall well-being. Investing in SEL professional development not only benefits staff members but also creates a positive, inclusive school community where all students can thrive.
I have been facilitating workshops in youth organizations for almost 15 years. Inevitably, when organizations learn about what we do, I am asked to deliver a workshop on behavior management strategies. The perception is that challenging behaviors are what make work in afterschool programs most difficult. While there is some truth to this statement, the approach of managing behavior is outdated. Afterschool staff often seek behavior management skills and training to create a positive learning environment and handle disruptive behavior effectively.
I reject the concept of "behavior management" on principle, and here's why:
The phrase "behavior management" inherently suggests a need to control or manipulate behavior to fit a desired norm. This approach can neglect the underlying reasons behind a child's actions. Behaviors often signal unmet needs, and understanding these needs is crucial for fostering positive behavior.
Example: Imagine a child who frequently disrupts the class by speaking out of turn. Traditional behavior management might involve giving the child a warning or a timeout. However, a more understanding approach might reveal that the child is acting out due to anxiety or a need for attention. By addressing the underlying cause—perhaps by giving the child more positive attention or addressing their anxiety—the behavior can change in a more meaningful and lasting way. This shift not only improves classroom behavior management but also enhances the overall learning environment.
"Management" implies a hierarchical relationship where the adult is the manager, and the child is the subordinate. This creates a power imbalance where children lack voice and choice. Shifting the focus from management to partnership and collaboration fosters more positive, trusting, and respectful relationships between adults and young people.
Example: Consider a situation where a child refuses to participate in a group activity. A traditional approach might be to force the child to join or punish them for non-compliance. Instead, a collaborative approach would involve sitting down with the child to understand their reluctance and finding a compromise or alternative that respects the child’s feelings and autonomy, perhaps by offering them a different role in the activity that feels more comfortable. This method aligns with effective classroom management strategies that emphasize student engagement and a positive classroom environment.
Traditional behavior management strategies often rely on rewards and punishments. While these methods may yield short term compliance, they do little to instill long-term values or intrinsic motivation. Instead, if we focus on guidance and positive reinforcement, we help our young people understand the consequences of their actions, identify, and express their emotions, and develop internal regulation. Moving away from behavior management towards a more holistic approach supports children in becoming independent, thoughtful, and empathetic young people and adults.
Example: If a child completes their homework, a traditional reward-based system might give them a sticker. If they don’t, they might lose recess time. Instead, a guidance-based approach would involve discussing the importance of homework, helping the child set personal goals, and offering support to overcome obstacles, thus fostering a sense of responsibility and internal motivation. Positive reinforcement and clear expectations are essential elements of an effective classroom management system.
Every child is unique, and a one-size-fits-all approach common in behavior management strategies doesn't account for individual differences. Factors such as temperament, developmental stage, and personal experiences significantly influence behavior. By advocating for an individualized approach, we consider each child's specific context and needs.
Example: Two children might exhibit the same disruptive behavior but for very different reasons. One child might be acting out due to a difficult home environment, while another might be bored because the material is too easy for them. An individualized approach would address these distinct needs differently—perhaps through counseling for the first child and more challenging assignments for the second. This is particularly important for students with disabilities and those in special education, who often require individual behavior plans tailored to their unique needs.
As we move forward, let’s prioritize understanding, empathy, and individualized approaches over control and punishment. By focusing on the whole child and fostering positive relationships, we can create environments where all students thrive. Effective management is not about controlling behavior but about creating spaces where students feel safe, respected, and motivated to learn. This approach not only benefits the students but also enriches the learning experiences for all involved.
It is unequivocally time to retire the term "behavior management" and to release the persistent desire for behavior management strategies. Instead, let’s embrace approaches that recognize the complex, multifaceted nature of human behavior. This shift requires a process of unlearning. When I survey adults who work in afterschool programs, most were raised in environments where behavior management strategies were the norm—adults had the power. It is understandable, then, that when these same adults begin working with youth, they model what they were taught. Once they learn new mindsets and approaches, adults can begin to shift how they engage with young people.
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